>>472 (OP)
>How can you just type in 4chan.org on your browser, upload a pdf with AIDS and suddenly get access
It wasn't actually a PDF. It was .ps (postscript) but the server didn't check the filetype to filter out non-pdfs.
The file is automatically parsed in order to make a thumbnail. If you merely download a file without using any tool to analyze it in a sophisticated way such as by parsing it, it can't rape your computer. The issue is that parsing .pdf and .ps files is complicated, so ghostscript had a vulnerability in it that allowed arbitrary code execution if you triggered its bug.